Feudalism : Causes,Structure , Features
Feudalism Plays a major Role in the history of World as well as in the history of India ..
In this Article , You can come to know what this Feudalism is ,what are it's causes ...?
Today
For us ,The medium of transactions is Money in many forms like Internet Economy, Crypto Economy,Transferable Economy....
Let's move to some centuries back....
It's Europe..
That was the time When Roman empire is on its way to Vanish it's reign...!
It has most greatest emperors of all time
Augusthus
Trajan
Hadrian
Marcus Aurelius and many....
But around 390 AD , it's warriors are not so powerful , politically,physically and Diplomatically...!
Because of its weak emperors and constant attack of Barbarians ,Roman Empire had lost its reign..
Then what was the problem...?
During Roman's Rule , the power is Centralised at the King..
That is the biggest strength of Monarchy...
But after demolish of roman empire , the power in the hands of Kings got decentralised...!
What is decentralisation ...?
India , a country having 29 states , having some number of Districts, having some number of Mandals and which have some more number of villages and towns....
Right ...!
At the centre , the country is under the Control of a leader namely Prime Minister..
Below that , means those 29 states are under the control of respective Chief Ministers
Below that , some other leaders ....
Below that , some other leaders ...
In this way , the power of control got divided..
This division of control over a group is called
"Decentralisation"
What effect is this Decentralisation causes..?
Let me take an example ...
One of the reputed Shopping mall CMR has many branches across the state right..!
Each branch has its own Manager.He solely has to look over that branch..Whatever he says about the profits , thats final....!
You might have got the point...!
Can it be profitable if it is maintained by the owner or if looked by the managers ....?
Apart from the sophistications , Decentralisation diminishes the economic,political and social control over the Territory..
Now coming to the main point ,
After the demise of the Roman empire , Many kings with the help of Noble man of the society ruled the Territory.
Those kings have the total authority over the total land in that Territory..
That land is organised into many Estates...
It is often called as "Manor"..
Like our village contains A Panchayat,a school , Houses ,Park etc..
This Manor too contains a Castle(House of the lord) ,Farm to cultivate , Houses to live..
Here the mode of transactions ,the base of ruling are allowed based on Land...
This system is called "Feudalism"
You might have understood the aura of "Feudalism"...
The system in which Society is based on land economically, politically etc....
Complete mode of Living is based on land....
Then what are it's features....?.
Land ,solely is the important feature of this Feudalism...
Hence ,Feudalism is often abbreviated as "Conditional ownership of land "..
Now,Money is the mode of transaction for us..
Then , land is the mode of transaction..
Like already said..
The total land is divided into some parts namely
1.Castle ,in which King lives
2.Farm, in which farming is done by peasants
3.Houses for peasants and Nobleman..
The structure of this system looks like this..
It contains a King
Some Noblemen
Peasants...
90% of the population are Peasants,the working class of the society...!
Let's make a look on those divisions...
1. THE KING :
In this system
he is like the prime minister in Democracy...
It looks like he holds the control over complete country , but without the Supervision of Chief Ministers of each state he can't do that..
In his reign ,
He is the owner of all the land in his Kingdom..
*He will be approached by the nobleman of the society in terms of warfare , strength and Support at the time of war..
2. NOBLE MAN :-
These are the people who enjoy hereditary benefits .
They were given some piece of land by the King ,for which they have to give Military support and any other support in return.
In this Category too ,there are some classes namely
1. Dukes and earls
2. Barons
3.Knights
These are the general noble classes in the medieval time in Europe..
What the point that makes you feel interested here is
The King approaches Dukes and Earls
They approaches Barons
Barons approaches Knights...
King can control the activity of Duke and earls.But he can't control the activity of Knights..!
Knight is only answerable to Barons...He cant be urged by Duke or King to do something..
Hence ,these people are also called "Vassals"..
Note :
Knights are the actual warriors whereas the Barons are the Military generals...
3. PEASANTS
These peasants work on the lands of the Kings (often called as Feudal Lords).They work on those farms and handover those output to the noble man and they also offer military offer at the time of War..
They were also classified into
1.Serfs
2.Freeholders
3.Villeins
4.Freedom
* Serfs are the peasants who are bound to that land ...They have to work on the land and handover those income to Knights ,who will hand it over to his above class...
What makes this serfs interesting is
They are like Civil servants of the society ..They work and handover it to the government..And their position will not be changed even if government changes..This is called Serfdom...
* Freeholders are the peasants who work on the land and pay some tax on it rather than handing the income ..
*Villeins are the peasants who are like serfs for sometime and Freeholders for the remaining time...
I.e he has to work for the King for no wage for some time and after then he will be set free..
*Freemen are the serfs initially...But they impressed the High class with their Intelligence and got freed from that Serfdom...!
To be continued.......
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